• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    TEMPERABLE PIPING FOR USE IN THE OFFSHORE AREA. The invention relates to a flexible tube that from the inside out contains the following layers: - an inner lining as well; - at least one layer of armor; additionally, between the two layers, there is another layer of a rolled tape, which contains the following layers: a) a first outer layer of a plastics molding mass that does not conduct electricity, b) an intermediate layer of a plastic molding mass with electrically conductive capacity, whose specific passage resistance according to IEC 60093 is in the range of 10-3 to 1010 (6mega) m, and in the intermediate layer at least two metallic conductors are embedded along the tape that does not touch each other throughout the longitudinal extension, as well as, c) a second outer layer of a plastic molding mass that does not conduct electricity, can be heated efficiently so that in the transportation of oil it can be used in cold regions .
    公开号:BR102012010528B1
    申请号:R102012010528-4
    申请日:2012-05-03
    公开日:2020-11-24
    发明作者:Rainer Goring；Karl Kuhmann；Maximilian Gruhn；Jurgen Franosch；Andreas Dowe
    申请人:Evonik Operations Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a flexible, temperable tube of constitution with several layers, the layers being unconnected. A tube of this kind will be given below, for the sake of simplicity, and in view of its use in English it will be called Unbonded Flexible Pipe. The tube offers the diffusion of gases from a transported fluid, a high resistance and, therefore, it can be used for the transpose of liquid or gaseous products and, with special advantage, for the transpose of oil or natural gas.
    [0002] Flexible tubes without connection are already part of the state of the art. These tubes contain an inner lining, commonly in the form of a plastic tube, as a barrier against the outlet of the transported fluid, as well as one or more layers of frames on the outer side of this inner lining. The flexible pipe without connection may provide additional layers, for example, one or more layers of frame on the inner side of the inner liner, in order to avoid the junction of the inner liner in the case of very high external pressure. Such an internal frame will be commonly referred to as a frame. In addition, an external casing may be contained to provide a barrier against penetration of Ifquid from the external environment within the innermost layers of polymeric or metallic functional layers. In many cases, a thermoplastic layer is integrated between the outer layers of the frame, possibly in the form of a rolled anti-wear strip (Unbonded Flexible Pipe) to prevent wear on the metal construction due to frictional action.
    [0003] Typical flexible pipes without connection are described, for example, in WO 01/61232, in US 6123114 and in US 6085799; in addition, they are featured in the following publication "API Recommended Practice 17B, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe", 3rd edition, March 2002, as well as API Specification! 7J, Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe ", 2nd edition, November 1999.
    [0004] The expression "unbonded" means, in this context, that at least two of the layers, including reinforcement layers and plastic layers, are not interconnected in the construction. In this way, the tube is flexible and flexible enough to be able to roll the tube and open it for transportation purposes.
    [0005] These flexible tubes without connection are used in various modalities in the offshore area, as well as in different onshore uses for the transport of liquid, gases and sludge. They can be used, for example, to transport fluids where the length of the tube has a very high or very variable water pressure, possibly in the form of ascending lines that extend from the seabed to a set or close to the sea surface and also, in general, for tubes for transporting liquids or gases between different sets, such as tubes that are installed at great depth on the seabed or tubes between sets close to the sea surface.
    [0006] In conventional flexible tubes the reinforcement layer or reinforcement layers generally consist of spiral wires arranged in a spiral shape, steel profiles or steel belts, the different layers of which can be shaped with different angles of flexion in relation to the tubular shaft.
    [0007] The internal coating according to the state of the art is usually made up of a polyolefin such as polyethylene and can also be cross-linked with a polyamide such as PA11 or PA12 or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In addition, coatings of one or several layers are known which can also center layers of other materials.
    [0008] Temperatures below about 40 ° C of crude oil can be eliminated some components. Here it is important, for example, especially the elimination of waxes and eventually hydrates which can result in a reduction in the cross section of the tube. In order to guarantee the transport function also at low temperatures, these pipes must be able to be heated to avoid this phenomenon. There are different possibilities for heating these pipes.
    [0009] WO 91/18231 describes a flexible, heatable tubular system which contains conductive electricity cables that are connected with the current source with an electrically conductive capacity and which, according to a resistance heating principle, generate heat. A disadvantage in this concept is the complex designer and the irregular temperament for the total length.
    [00010] Furthermore, in WO 97/20162 a flexible tubular system is described in which several smaller tubing are placed around an internal flexible tubing. These can be used to transport processed or chain products. It would also be possible to imagine a seasoning of the tubular system, being passed through a seasoned product. The disadvantages of this concept also lie in the complex designer, heat loss, as well as uneven temperament for the entire length.
    [00011] Other deposits (WO 92/11487, WO 85/04941, WO 2000/66934, WO 2000/66935 and WO 2001/07824) refer to the topic of thermal insulation as passive product temperature stabilization. Here, however, there is a program for the complexity of foam structures, which are used frequently. In the case of great water depths and the associated high external pressures, this can result in a reduction of the insulating effect.
    [00012] Another possibility of heating is described in WO 2006/097765, WO 2006/090182, US 2008202616 and US 4 874 925. It is a multi-layered pipe, in which, for example, two conductors are provided which are recessed along the tube 180 ° out of phase in a layer with conductive capacity. Based on the current flow from one conductor to another, the layer with conductive capacity is heated. A bond, that is, a uniform contact of the conductor with the conductive layer is important for uniform heating. The conductive layer is thermally insulated to the outside, possibly electrically. An additional layer for the interior towards the crude oil is advisable, that is, necessary for the electrical insulation.
    [00013] WO 2008/005829 describes heatable tubules in the area of automobile construction that can confer an electrically conductive polymer layer; this layer acts as resistance heating.
    [00014] The aim of the invention was to offer a flexible multi-layered constitution tube, in which the transported medium can be electrically heated without significant additional constructive effort. In this case, it must be possible to heat the pipe, in a controlled manner, only in the pipe segments where this is specifically necessary.
    [00015] This task was solved by a flexible tube that from inside to outside has the following layers: - an internal lining; - at least one reinforcement layer; - possibly, an external casing; in addition, between the two layers, there is another layer of a rolled tape, containing this tape the following layers: a) a first layer 1 of a plastic molding mass that does not conduct electricity, b) an intermediate layer 2 of a plastic molding mass with electrically conductive capacity, whose specific passage resistance according to I EC 60093 is in the range of 10'3 to 1010 Qm, preferably in the range of 10'2 to 108 Qm, especially preferred in the range of 10-1 to 107 Qm is especially preferred in the range of 10 ° to 106 Qm, with at least two metallic conductors embedded in the middle layer 4 along the tape so that they do not touch each other across the overall length, as well as, c) a second outer layer 3 of a non-electrically conductive plastic molding mass.
    [00016] With respect to the reference numbers, Figures 1 and 2 are made the reference.
    [00017] The inner lining is generally a plastic tube that represents a barrier against the outlet of the transported fluid. According to the technical needs of the use it can be of one layer or it can also consist of several layers of molding masses always different. In this case, there are, for example, two layers, three layers, four layers or, in an individual case, it also consists of several layers. These coatings are integrated in the state of the art. The internal lining can - according to another modality - also consist of a thin, corrugated metal tube.
    [00018] The reinforcement layer, that is, the reinforcement layers, usually consist of a system of wires arranged in a spiral shape, profiles of wires or wires. The version of these reinforcement layers is integrated in the state of the art. Preferably, at least one of these layers of reinforcement is so constituted that it resists internal pressure and at least one of these layers of reinforcement is so constituted that it resists the forces of swallowing. Commonly, more than two layers of reinforcement are provided. The reinforcement layers are, in most cases, followed by an outer shell commonly in the form of a tube or a hose or a thermoplastic molding compound or an elastomer.
    [00019] In a possible embodiment, a housing is located on the inner side of the flexible tube's inner lining without connection. These housings and their finish are integrated in the state of the art. In another possible modality, the flexible pipe without connection does not contain a housing, especially when it is not intended to be operated under high external pressure regimes.
    [00020] Materials suitable for the plastic molding mass of electrical conductivity, as well as for the two plastic molding masses without electrical conductivity, are independently of each other and molding masses, for example, based on olefinic polymers, polyamides, fluorpol imers, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polybutylene-2,6-naphthalate, polyphenylsulfone, polyarylene ethyl ketone, polyphenylene sulfide or a polyarylene ethyl ketone / polyphenylene sulfide mixture.
    [00021] The olefinic polymer can be primarily polyethylene, especially high density polyethylene (HDPE), or an isotactic or syndiotactic polypropylene. Polypropylene can be a homomer or copolymer, for example with ethylene or 1-butene as a comonomer, and random copolymers, as well as block, can be used. In addition, polypropylene may also be modified in the form of resilience, for example, corresponding to the state of the art according to ethylene-propylene-rubber (EPM) or EPDM. The syndiotactic polystyrene which can also be used according to the invention can, in a known manner, be produced by the polymerization catalyzed with metallocene based on styrene.
    [00022] Polyamide can be produced from a combination of diamine and dicarbonic acid, an acid, a symbol-aminocarboxylic acid or the corresponding lactam. Basically, any polyamide layer can be used, for example, PA6 or PA66. In a preferred embodiment, the polyamide monomer units contain on average at least 8, at least 9, that is, at least 10 atoms of C. In mixtures of lactams, only the arithmetic mean will be considered here. In a combination of diamine and dicarboxylic acid, the arithmetic mean of the atoms deC of the diamine and dicarboxylic acid, in this preferred embodiment, should be at least 8, at least 9, that is, at least 10. Suitable polyamides are, for example, PA610 (which can be produced from hexamethylene diamine [6 atoms of C] and sebacetic acid [10 atoms of C], the average of C atoms in monomer units and here, therefore, 8), PA88 (which can be produced from octamethylene diamine and 1.8-octanedioic acid). PA8 (which can be produced from caprylactam), PA612, PA810, PA108, PA9, PA613, PA614, PA812, PA128, PA1010, PA10, PA814, PA148, PA1012, PA11, PA1014, PA1212 and PA12. The production of polyamides is integrated in the state of the art. Of course, copoliamides which are based on those mentioned above can also be used, and eventually monomers such as caprolactam can also be used.
    [00023] As a polyamide, a partially aromatic polyamide can also be advantageously used, whose portion of dicarboxylic acid is 5 to 100 mol% of aromatic dicarboxylic acid with 8 to 22 C atoms and which has a crystalline melting point of Tm at least 260 ° C, preferably at least 270 ° C and especially preferred at least 280 ° C. Such polyamides are commonly referred to as PPA. They can be produced from a combination of diamine and dicarboxylic acid, possibly with the addition of an <o-aminocarboxylic acid or the corresponding lactam. Suitable types are, for example, PA66 / 6T, PA6 / 6T, PA6T / MPMDT (MPMD represents 2-methylpentamethylenediamine), PA9T, PA10T, PA11T, PA12T, PA14T, as well as copolytic condensates of these latter types or an aliphatic diamine and an acid aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or with a <o-aminocarboxylic acid, i.e., a lactam.
    [00024] In addition to polyamide, the molding mass may confer other components, such as resilience modifiers, other thermoplast, emollients and other conventional additives. It is only necessary for the polyamide to form the mold mass matrix.
    [00025] The fluoropolymer can be, for example, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-copolymer (ETFE), an ETFE (for example, EFEP) modified with the aid of a component such as propylene , hexafluorpropene, vinyl fluoride or vinylidene fluoride, an ethylene-chlorotrifluorethylene-copolymer (E-CTFE), a poly-chloro-trifluorethylene (PCTFE), a chlor-fluorethylene-etherperfluoralquinylvinyl-tetrafluoro-tylene-copolymer-hexylene-copolymer copolymer (FEP) or a tetrafluoroethylene-etherperfluoralkylvinyl-copolymer (PFA). Vinylidene fluoride-based copolymers are also considered which have up to 40% by weight of other monomers such as, for example, trifluorethylene, chlortrifluorethylene, ethylene, propene and hexafluorpropene.
    [00026] Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) is produced, for example, under the trademark Radel® by Solvay Advanced Polymers. It can be produced from 4-4'-dihydroxybiphenyl and 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone by nucleophilic substitution. In particular, a PPSU / fluorpolfomer mixture, for example, a PPSU / PTFE mixture, is also adapted.
    [00027] The polyarylene ethylketone that can also be used contains units of the Formulas
    Ar and Ar 'representing a bivalent aromatic residue, preferably 1,4-phenylene, 4,4-biphenylene as well as 1,4-, 1,5- or 2,6-naphthylene. X represents an electron extracting group, preferably carbonyl or sulfonyl, while Y represents another group such as O, S, CH2, isopropylidene or similar products. In this case, at least 50%, preferably at least 70% and especially preferred at least 80% of the group X represent a carbonyl group, while at least 50%, preferably at least 70% and especially preferred at least 80% of the Y groups, consist of oxygen.
    [00028] In the preferred embodiment 100% two groups X consist of carbonyl groups and 100% of groups Y consist of oxygen. In this embodiment, the polyarylene etherketone can be, for example, a polyetheretherketone (PEEK, Formula I), a polyetheretherketone (PEK, Formula II), a polyethylene ketone (PEKK, Formula III) or a polyetheretherketone (PEEKK, Formula IV), however, of course , other sets of carbonyl and oxygen groups are also possible.


    [00029] Polyarylene ethylketone is partially crystalline, which is expressed, for example, in the DSC analysis by finding a melting point of crystallite Tm which, in terms of magnitude, in most cases, is located around 300 ° C or above.
    [00030] Polyphenylene sulfide contains units of Formula
    consisting, for example, of at least 50% by weight, at least 70% by weight, at least 90% by weight of these units. The remaining units can be those as indicated above in the case of polyarylene etherketone or branched tri or tetrafunctional units that result from coutilización, for example, of trichlorobenzene or tetrachlorobenzene in the synthesis. Polyphenylene sulfide is normally marketed in a large number of types or molding masses.
    [00031] In the case of polyarylene ethyl ketone / polyphenylene sulfide mixtures, both components can be present in any imaginable mixing ratio, so that the region of the junction of the pure polyarylene ether ketone to the pure polyphenylene sulfide is overcome without gaps. In general, the mixture contains at least 0.01% by weight of polyarylene etherketone, that is, at least 0.01% by weight of polyphenylene sulfide.
    [00032] Plastic molding compounds can contain conventional supporting aids, as well as possibly other polymers. In the case of polyarylene ethylketone, for example, fluoropolymers, such as PFA (a copolymer of tetrafluorethene and perfluorvinylmethyleter), polyimide, polyetherimide, LCP, such as liquid crystalline polyesters, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polybenzimidazole, polyphenol polymers resistant to high temperatures, in the case of a polyphenylene sulfide, for example, copolymers, i.e., ethylene terpolymers with molar comonomers and, in the case of a partially aromatic polyamide, an aliphatic polyamide. The polyamide molding compound can, for example, also contain a hydrolysis stabilizer, emollient or resilience modifiers. The molding compound may, in addition, contain a lubricant such as molybdenum sulfide, hexagonal boron nitride or PTFE. The portion of the basic polymers may, in the preferred case, represent the portion of olefinic polymer, polyamide, fluoropolymer, polyphenylene sulfone, polyarylene ethyl ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, that is, the mixture of polyarylene ketone / polyphenylene sulfide in the molding mass, at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, especially preferred at least 70% by weight, especially preferred at least 80% by weight and most preferably at least 90% by weight.
    [00033] The electrical conductivity of the intermediate layer according to d) is achieved in a known manner, for example, by the addition of soot, soot with conductive capacity, graphite powder and / or carbon nanotubes (CNTs), that is, fibrils of graphite.
    [00034] In addition to the layers according to a), b) and c), the tape, if desired, may also contain other layers, for example, a layer a) and b) and / or a bonding layer between the layers according to b) and c).
    [00035] The edges of the cross section of the tape can, for example, be rectangular or also rounded.
    [00036] At the edges of the tape, the different layers can be freely exposed (Figure 1) or the layers according to a) and c) can be interconnected there (Figure 2) so that in this way, the best possible insulation is achieved electrical in relation to the frame layers.
    [00037] The metallic conductors embedded in the layer according to b) can be coupled to an electric current source. Based on the potential difference then existing between the different conductors, a current will flow through the intermediate conductive layer of electricity; this layer will therefore function as resistance heating. The applied voltage may, in this case, be a continuous voltage or an alternating voltage. Due to fail-safe reasons, it may be advantageous that more than two metallic conductors are embedded in the intermediate layer according to b), for example 3, 4, 5 or 6. The metallic conductors must be resistant to corrosion in relation to the transported fluid and its components.
    [00038] The tape commonly has a thickness in the range of 0.2 to 5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.4 to 5 mm and especially preferred in the range of 0.5 to 4 mm. In this case, the intermediate layer according to b) normally has a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably in the range of 0.2 to 2.5 mm and especially preferred in the range of 0.3 to 2 mm , whereas the two outer layers according to a) and c) usually have a thickness in the range of 0.05 to 1.5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1 mm, especially preferred in the range of 0, 1 to 0.5 mm.
    [00039] The width of the tape depends on the diameter of the tube. Conventional widths are in the range of about 20 mm to about 700 mm, preferably in the range of 30 mm to about 500 mm and, especially preferred, in the range of about 40 mm to about 300 mm.
    [00040] The tape will be wound under tension in a spiral in a layer located more internally, being that the winding can be carried out on top or overlapped. In the latter case, after winding the overlapping points, the tape can be welded. This can be done either by welding of high temperature gas, by contact with the heating element, through a flame (gas) or by electromagnetic irradiation in the UV, visible or IR spectral field. In particular, spot welding will be sufficient to fix the tape; preferably, however, a continuous and uninterrupted welding posture will be produced. Of course, the tape can also be completely welded in the overlapping regions. For the purpose of the welding it will be advantageous that the area of softening of the molding mass in the layers, according to a) and c) is smaller than the area of softening of the molding mass of the layer according to b).
    [00041] In order to improve safety against failures, several tapes, always having their own current circuit, can also be wound side by side or overlapped. In addition, the flexible tube may also have several of these layers of wound tape which are reciprocally separated by a reinforcement layer.
    [00042] The rolled tape layer can also simultaneously function as an anti-wear layer. According to the state of the art, anti-wear tapes are placed between the layers of steel frame in order to prevent wear of the frame layers. In addition, the tape is basically worn. This wear must eventually be taken into account in the conformation in order to guarantee an insulation of the electrically conductive intermediate layer for the life of the flexible line. For the layers according to a) and c), therefore, molding masses will preferably be used and have special good tribological properties.
    [00043] When the molding mass of the layer according to b) contains soot or soot of conductive capacity as an electrical conductive adjuvant, in heating the PTC effect (positive temperature coefficient) can be used. This effect has an intrinsic safety because, due to the conductive capacity that fails to heat, the temperature increase is limited in the constant voltage regime. Thermal damage to the pipe or product to be transported can thus be avoided.
    [00044] According to the invention, it is also possible to place the tape only in concrete tubular segments. It can be formed as a conductive unit in that area where controlled heating is required and in other tube edges, instead, for example, a conventional anti-wear tape can be introduced.
    [00045] Eventually, the flexible tube, in addition to the layers described here, may confer other layers, for example, unidirectional or reinforced with fabric of polymeric layers, and a good reinforcement of heat-conducting carbon tapes or a layer can be used external for thermal insulation.
    [00046] With the aid of the invention it becomes possible to heat the tube for the entire length or in selected segments, in order to avoid failures. Thermal damage to the conductor system and the products transported can thus be avoided. The technical transformation is simple because no additional complex technical components are necessary and the structure of the tube, as such, is not altered. The tube according to the invention can be heated efficiently, which can also be used in the case of transporting oil in cold areas, for example, in the arctic zone. In addition, the use of long stretches in the deep sea is also possible without the product being transported falling below the critical temperature mentioned above.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [0001]
    1. Flexible tube for transporting crude oil or natural gas, comprising the following layers, from the inside out: (a) an inner lining, and (b) at least one reinforcement layer, with two layers between also another layer made of a rolled ribbon, said tube being characterized by the fact that the ribbon comprises the following layers: (c) a first outer layer (1) made of a plastic molding composition, which is not electrically conductive ; (d) an intermediate layer (2) made of an electrically conductive plastic molding composition whose volumetric resistivity to IEC 60093 is in the range of 10-3 to 1010 Qm, with at least two metallic conductors (4) being incorporated into the intermediate layer along the tape so that, for the entire length, do not touch; and (e) a second outer layer (3) made of a plastic molding composition, which is not electrically conductive.
    [0002]
    2. Flexible tube, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the electrically conductive plastic molding composition of the intermediate layer (2) comprises conductive carbon black, graphite powder and / or graphite fibrils.
    [0003]
    3. Flexible tube, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the thickness of the tape is in the range of 0.2 to 5 mm, with the thickness of the intermediate layer (2) being in the range of 0, 1 to 3 mm, and the thickness of each of the first outer layer (1) and the second outer layer (3) is in the range of 0.05 to 1.5 mm.
    [0004]
    Flexible tube according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reinforcement layer or layers is / are generally composed of helically arranged wires, wires profiles or wires tapes.
    [0005]
    5. Use of the flexible tube, as defined in any of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that it is for the transportation of crude oil.
    [0006]
    6. Method for heating a flexible pipe, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the metallic conductors embedded in the intermediate layer are connected to an electrical current source so that a current flows through the intermediate layer electrically conductive.
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    2015-11-17| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-04-03| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-08-13| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-02-11| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-05-12| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: EVONIK OPERATIONS GMBH (DE) |
    2020-06-30| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-24| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/05/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE201110075383|DE102011075383A1|2011-05-06|2011-05-06|Temperable pipeline for offshore applications|
    DE102011075383.4|2011-05-06|
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